CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY · CHAPTER 1 · STUDY NOTES
Resources and Development
Classify resources, distinguish land area from land use, read a soil profile and match soil-conservation methods to the cause of erosion.
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What is a Resource?
A material becomes a resource when we can use it to meet a need.When does something become a resource?
Meets a human need
Provides material and conditions
Makes use possible
Organise access and use
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Resource
- Something usable to meet needs when technology, cost and cultural acceptance allow.
Take a moment. What do you think?
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Question
What three conditions must a material satisfy to be called a resource?
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Classification of Resources
We can group the same resource in different ways, depending on the question we ask.Four different lenses
Ask which basis is being used
Biotic or abiotic
Renewable or non-renewable
Individual, community, national or international
Potential, developed, stock or reserve
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Resource classification
- Grouping resources by a specified characteristic.
| Basis of Classification | Types |
|---|---|
| Origin | Biotic and Abiotic |
| Exhaustibility | Renewable and Non-renewable |
| Ownership | Individual, Community, National, and International |
| Status of Development | Potential, Developed, Stock and Reserves |
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Question
What is the difference between Stock and Reserves?
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Sustainable Development and Global Initiatives
Use resources to improve life today while protecting the choices of future generations.Meet needs now; protect choices later
- Present generation
Needs food, work and resources
- Future generation
Needs functioning ecosystems and resources
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Sustainable development
- Meeting present needs without undermining future generations’ ability to meet theirs.
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Question
What was the primary objective of Agenda 21?
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Resource Planning in India
Find out what is available, decide how to use it responsibly, and connect the plan to people’s needs.Planning turns availability into use
- Identify
Survey, map and measure resources
- Build capacity
Skills, technology and institutions
- Coordinate
Match resource and development plans
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Resource planning
- Assessing resources and organising their balanced, responsible development.
Regional Resource Imbalance
Resource Richness != Economic DevelopmentThe history of colonization shows that resource-rich regions were exploited by invaders with superior technology. Thus, resources only contribute to development when accompanied by technological and institutional changes.
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Question
Why is resource planning essential in India?
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Land Resources and Relief Features
Land has many uses, but its total area is limited. A choice about one use can affect another.India’s relief: three broad forms
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Relief
- The variations in height and form of the land surface.
| Relief Feature | Percentage Share | Primary Utility |
|---|---|---|
| Plains | 43% | Agriculture and Industry |
| Mountains | 30% | Perennial rivers, Tourism, Ecology |
| Plateaus | 27% | Minerals, Fossil fuels, and Forests |
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Question
A farmer grows two crops in one year on the same 3 hectares. What are the net sown and gross cropped areas?
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Land Use Pattern in India
Ask what a land-use percentage measures and which year it describes.One field can be counted differently
- Net: 1 hectare
Count the physical field once
- Gross: 2 crop-hectares
Count both crop cycles
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Net sown area
- The physical area on which crops are sown and harvested.
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Question
Two reports give different forest percentages. What would you check before deciding that one is wrong?
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