CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY · CHAPTER 7 · STUDY NOTES
Lifelines of National Economy
Connect road, rail, sea and air networks with communication and trade. Explain hinterlands and calculate a simple balance of trade.
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The Role of Transport in Development
Making goods is only part of the job. People also need ways to order, move and receive them.Production needs connections
Links producers and users
Makes goods
Moves people and goods
Coordinates information
Connects buyers and sellers
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Transport
- Movement of people and goods between places.
Take a moment. What do you think?
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Question
Why are transport and communication considered complementary to trade?
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Roadways: The Flexible Network
Roads are flexible links, especially for short trips and the start or end of a longer journey.The road provides the last connection
- Local origin
Door-to-door collection
- Road link
Reaches a terminal
- Long-distance mode
Carries the larger journey
- Final road link
Delivers to the destination
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Feeder transport
- A link connecting local origins or destinations to another transport mode.
| Feature | Roadways | Railways |
|---|---|---|
| Construction cost | Often lower; depends on route | Often higher; depends on route |
| Terrain | Can negotiate steeper slopes | Needs gentler gradients; bridges and tunnels may help |
| Service Type | Door-to-door service | Station-to-station service |
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Question
State one reason why roads are preferred in mountainous regions over railways.
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Classification of Indian Roads
Road categories describe their role and connections. They are not all parts of one route.Roads are classified by their role
Different functions
Major inter-regional links
State capitals and district links
Local connections
Strategic and difficult-terrain access
Choose an idea to look closer.
- National highway
- A main road connecting major parts of the country.
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Question
Which organization is responsible for maintaining roads in the bordering areas of India?
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Railways: The Principal Mode of Transport
Railways connect settlements, markets and workplaces over long distances.Terrain changes railway construction
- Plains
Level land helps, rivers require bridges
- Hills
Gaps, tunnels and careful gradients
- Coastal terrain
Bridges and landslide management
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Railway network
- Interconnected railway routes carrying people and freight.
| Gauge Type | Width (metres) | Route (Km) [2019-20] |
|---|---|---|
| Broad Gauge | 1.676 | 63,950 |
| Metre Gauge | 1.000 | 2,402 |
| Narrow Gauge | 0.762 and 0.610 | 1,604 |
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Question
Why were the Northern Plains more favorable for railway construction than the Himalayan region?
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