CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY · CHAPTER 6 · STUDY NOTES
Manufacturing Industries
Follow production chains from raw materials to finished goods. Explain industrial location, classify factories and connect pollution controls to specific wastes.
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The Backbone of Economic Development
Manufacturing turns raw materials into useful products and links farms, factories and services.Agriculture and industry support each other
Transforms materials and provides jobs
Supplies crops and other raw materials
Industry supplies tools and machinery
Transport, finance and distribution
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Manufacturing
- Processing raw materials into products, often in large quantities.
Take a moment. What do you think?
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Question
Why is manufacturing considered the backbone of development?
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Classification of Industries
The same factory can belong to several groups because each classification asks a different question.Classify using one basis at a time
Specify the question
Agro-based or mineral-based
Basic or consumer industry
Public, private, joint or cooperative
Heavy or light
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Basic industry
- An industry supplying materials used by other industries.
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Question
What is the difference between a basic industry and a consumer industry?
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The Textile and Cotton Industry
Follow the value chain: fibre becomes yarn, yarn becomes cloth, and cloth becomes a finished product.From cotton to a garment
- Cotton
Raw fibre
- Spinning
Makes yarn
- Weaving
Makes fabric
- Finishing and sewing
Makes a garment
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Textile value chain
- Connected activities turning fibre into fabric and finished products.
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Question
Where and when was the first successful textile mill established in India?
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Jute and Sugar Industries
Perishable or bulky raw materials help explain where factories develop.Location matters for different reasons
- Jute mills
Links to growing areas and Hugli transport
- Sugar mills
Need timely supply of bulky sugarcane
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Agro-based industry
- Manufacturing that uses agricultural raw materials.
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Question
Why is the sugar industry shifting towards southern India?
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Iron and Steel: The Basic Industry
Steel supports many industries, so it is called a basic industry.Steel-making links several inputs
- Iron ore
Source of iron
- Smelting
Fuel and limestone support processing
- Steel-making
Control composition and impurities
- Steel products
Machines, structures and goods
Choose an idea to look closer.
- Mineral-based industry
- Manufacturing that uses mineral or metal raw materials.
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Question
Why is the iron and steel industry concentrated in the Chhotanagpur plateau?
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